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3Greet Prisca and Aquila,[a] my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, 4who risked their own necks for my life. Not only I, but all the churches of the Gentiles are grateful to them. 5Also greet the church in their house. Greet my dear friend Epenetus,[b] who was the first convert[c] to Christ in the province of Asia.[d] 6Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you. 7Greet Andronicus and Junia,[e] my compatriots[f] and my fellow prisoners. They are well known[g] to the apostles,[h] and they were in Christ before me. 8Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord. 9Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my good friend Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus. 11Greet Herodion, my compatriot.[i] Greet those in the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord. 12Greet Tryphena[j] and Tryphosa, laborers in the Lord. Greet my dear friend[k] Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother who was also a mother to me.[l] 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers and sisters[m] with them. 15Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the believers[n] who are with them. 16Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.
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Footnotes
- Romans 16:3 sn On Prisca and Aquila see also Acts 18:2, 18, 26; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tim 4:19. In the NT “Priscilla” and “Prisca” are the same person. Paul uses the name Prisca, while the author of Acts uses the diminutive form of the name Priscilla.
- Romans 16:5 sn The spelling Epenetus is also used by NIV, NLT; the name is alternately spelled Epaenetus (NASB, NKJV, NRSV).
- Romans 16:5 tn Grk “firstfruit.” This is a figurative use referring to Epenetus as the first Christian convert in the region.
- Romans 16:5 tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia. The Roman province of Asia made up about one-third of modern Asia Minor and was on the western side of it. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.
- Romans 16:7 tn Or “Junias.” sn The feminine name Junia, though common in Latin, is quite rare in Greek (apparently only three instances of it occur in Greek literature outside Rom 16:7, according to the data in the TLG [D. Moo, Romans [NICNT], 922]). The masculine Junias (as a contraction for Junianas), however, is rarer still: Only one instance of the masculine name is known in extant Greek literature (Epiphanius mentions Junias in his Index discipulorum 125). Further, since there are apparently other husband-wife teams mentioned in this salutation (Prisca and Aquila [v. 3], Philologus and Julia [v. 15]), it might be natural to think of Junia as a feminine name. (This ought not be pressed too far, however, for in v. 12 all three individuals are women [though the first two are linked together], and in vv. 9-11 all the individuals are men.) In Greek only a difference of accent distinguishes between Junias (male) and Junia (female). If it refers to a woman, it is possible (1) that she had the gift of apostleship (not the office), or (2) that she was not an apostle but along with Andronicus was esteemed by (or among) the apostles. As well, the term “prominent” probably means “well known,” suggesting that Andronicus and Junia(s) were well known to the apostles (see note on the phrase “well known” which follows).
- Romans 16:7 tn Or “kinsmen,” “relatives,” “fellow countrymen.”
- Romans 16:7 tn Or “prominent, outstanding, famous.” The term ἐπίσημος (episēmos) is used either in an implied comparative sense (“prominent, outstanding”) or in an elative sense (“famous, well known”). The key to determining the meaning of the term in any given passage is both the general context and the specific collocation of this word with its adjuncts. When a comparative notion is seen, that to which ἐπίσημος is compared is frequently, if not usually, put in the genitive case (cf., e.g., 3 Macc 6:1 [Ελεαζαρος δέ τις ἀνὴρ ἐπίσημος τῶν ἀπὸ τής χώρας ἱερέων “Eleazar, a man prominent among the priests of the country”]; cf. also Pss. Sol. 17:30). When, however, an elative notion is found, ἐν (en) plus a personal plural dative is not uncommon (cf. Pss. Sol. 2:6). Although ἐν plus a personal dative does not indicate agency, in collocation with words of perception, (ἐν plus) dative personal nouns are often used to show the recipients. In this instance, the idea would then be “well known to the apostles.” See M. H. Burer and D. B. Wallace, “Was Junia Really an Apostle? A Re-examination of Rom 16.7,” NTS 47 (2001): 76-91, who argue for the elative notion here.
- Romans 16:7 tn Or “among the apostles.” See discussion in the note on “well known” for these options.
- Romans 16:11 tn Or “kinsman,” “relative,” “fellow countryman.”
- Romans 16:12 sn The spelling Tryphena is also used by NIV, NKJV, NLT; the name is alternately spelled Tryphaena (NASB, NRSV).
- Romans 16:12 tn Grk “Greet the beloved.”
- Romans 16:13 tn Grk “and his mother and mine.”
- Romans 16:14 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.
- Romans 16:15 tn Grk “saints.”
3Greet Priscilla[a] and Aquila,(A) my co-workers(B) in Christ Jesus.(C) 4They risked their lives for me. Not only I but all the churches of the Gentiles are grateful to them.
5Greet also the church that meets at their house.(D)
Greet my dear friend Epenetus, who was the first convert(E) to Christ in the province of Asia.(F)
6Greet Mary, who worked very hard for you.
7Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow Jews(G) who have been in prison with me.(H) They are outstanding among[b] the apostles, and they were in Christ(I) before I was.
8Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord.
9Greet Urbanus, our co-worker in Christ,(J) and my dear friend Stachys.
10Greet Apelles, whose fidelity to Christ has stood the test.(K)
Greet those who belong to the household(L) of Aristobulus.
11Greet Herodion, my fellow Jew.(M)
Greet those in the household(N) of Narcissus who are in the Lord.
12Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa, those women who work hard in the Lord.
Greet my dear friend Persis, another woman who has worked very hard in the Lord.
13Greet Rufus,(O) chosen(P) in the Lord, and his mother, who has been a mother to me, too.
14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas and the other brothers and sisters with them.
15Greet Philologus, Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas and all the Lord’s people(Q) who are with them.(R)
16Greet one another with a holy kiss.(S)
All the churches of Christ send greetings.
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Footnotes
- Romans 16:3 Greek Prisca, a variant of Priscilla
- Romans 16:7 Or are esteemed by
Cross references
- Romans 16:3 : S Ac 18:2
- Romans 16:3 : S Php 2:25
- Romans 16:3 : ver 7, 9, 10; Ro 8:1, 39; 1Co 1:30; 2Co 5:17; Gal 1:22; 5:6; Eph 1:13
- Romans 16:5 : 1Co 16:19; Col 4:15; Phm 2
- Romans 16:5 : 1Co 16:15
- Romans 16:5 : S Ac 2:9
- Romans 16:7 : ver 11, 21
- Romans 16:7 : Col 4:10; Phm 23
- Romans 16:7 : S ver 3
- Romans 16:9 : S ver 3
- Romans 16:10 : S ver 3
- Romans 16:10 : S Ac 11:14
- Romans 16:11 : ver 7, 21
- Romans 16:11 : S Ac 11:14
- Romans 16:13 : Mk 15:21
- Romans 16:13 : S 2Jn 1
- Romans 16:15 : ver 2; S Ac 9:13
- Romans 16:15 : ver 14
- Romans 16:16 : 1Co 16:20; 2Co 13:12; 1Th 5:26; 1Pe 5:14
3Greet Priscilla and Aquila my helpers in Christ Jesus:
4Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.
5Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my well-beloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ.
6Greet Mary, who bestowed much labour on us.
7Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
8Greet Amplias my beloved in the Lord.
9Salute Urbane, our helper in Christ, and Stachys my beloved.
10Salute Apelles approved in Christ. Salute them which are of Aristobulus' household.
11Salute Herodion my kinsman. Greet them that be of the household of Narcissus, which are in the Lord.
12Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord.
13Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.
14Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them.
15Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them.
16Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.
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